Building to Last

Project SSPI: A Data-Driven Tool for Prioritizing School Resilience Investments in Mandaluyong

LIRJ-2026-V1I1-005 Descriptive-Developmental Study · Received: January 2026 · Accepted: February 2026 · Published: March 2026

1.95–3.12

SSPI score range across 12 public schools — 2 urgent, 4 for engineering inspection, 6 preventive

Project SSPI student researchers presenting their school-resilience triage tool

At a Glance

Study site

Mandaluyong District II

Coverage

12 public basic-education schools

Score range

SSPI 1.95 to 3.12

Priority mix

2 urgent · 4 engineering · 6 preventive

Research Summary

Project SSPI was designed to help Mandaluyong decide which school sites should receive engineering attention first when public funds are limited. Rather than relying on fragmented reports, the study piloted a district-level triage system that combines multi-hazard exposure with building age to reflect both environmental intensity and probable structural vulnerability. The result is a transparent screening tool that helps the city rank campuses using a shared method before emergency damage forces reactive spending.

Objectives

Create a standardized screening tool for prioritizing school-resilience investments.
Combine flood, liquefaction, and ground-shaking exposure into a transparent hazard index.
Integrate a building-age modifier as a proxy for structural vulnerability.
Align triage categories with real LGU planning choices and historical disaster records.

Context & Method

The Philippines is one of the most hazard-prone settings in the region, yet school-maintenance decisions are often shaped by fragmented submissions rather than by a common risk metric. In Mandaluyong, this planning gap matters because schools serve a dual role: they are continuous learning spaces and potential evacuation centers. SSPI addresses this by turning public hazard data into a district-wide screening framework that can guide inspection, capital planning, and resilience financing before disaster losses accumulate.

Coordinates for 12 public schools were validated through satellite imagery, on-site GPS pins, and the DepEd masterlist.
Each school was processed through DOST-PHIVOLCS HazardHunterPH to obtain time-stamped hazard-assessment reports.
Flood, liquefaction, and ground-shaking classes were converted into a fixed numeric scale and averaged into the Multi-Hazard Exposure Index (MHEI).
A localized building-age modifier (1.00 to 1.17) was applied to derive the final SSPI triage score.

SSPI formula: SSPI equals MHEI multiplied by the Building-Age Modifier — Fig. 1SSPI = MHEI × Building-Age Modifier. The Multi-Hazard Exposure Index (MHEI) averages flood, liquefaction, and ground-shaking class scores; the Building-Age Modifier scales from 1.00 (post-2010 buildings) to 1.17 (pre-1990). Higher SSPI = higher priority for engineering inspection.

SSPI score matrix for the 12 Mandaluyong District II public schools, color-coded by triage category — Fig. 2SSPI score matrix for all 12 Mandaluyong District II public schools. Red = Urgent Priority Review; gold = Priority Engineering Inspection; green = Preventive Action and Monitoring. Amado T. Reyes ES ranked highest at 3.12.

2Urgent Priority Review

4Priority Engineering Inspection

6Preventive Action & Monitoring

Fig. 3Applying the SSPI formula to 12 schools yielded two urgent-priority sites, four for engineering inspection, and six for preventive monitoring.

Key Findings

Applying the formula to 12 schools produced SSPI scores ranging from 1.95 to 3.12.
Two schools fell under Urgent Priority Review, four under Priority Engineering Inspection, and six under Preventive Action and Monitoring.
Amado T. Reyes ES ranked highest in the sample extract at 3.12, indicating immediate review need.
The pilot output aligned with District II DRRMC records, supporting the model’s face validity.

Implications & Recommended Actions

Integrate SSPI into the annual LGU and school-infrastructure planning cycle.
Standardize coordinate and building-age verification before computing scores.
Use SSPI as a screening tool that triggers inspection, not as a final engineering verdict.
Develop future systems integration with DepEd school-building inventory data.

12Schools screened

3.12Highest SSPI

1.00–1.17Age modifier

MHEIHazard index

“By combining multi-hazard exposure with a building-age modifier, SSPI gives Mandaluyong a transparent way to rank campuses before emergency repairs dictate the agenda.”

Research Adviser

Mr. Franklin D. Garvida

Student Researchers

Juliana Victoria M. Venoza, Trish Faith V. Quiroz, Jenecy A. Babula, Sheena Arsé G. Becera, Prince Joshua Dela Cruz

Keywords school-safety priority index; geospatial risk mapping; resilience planning; hazard exposure; building-age modifier; infrastructure financing